Economic Effects and Implications for the. The negative effects of the earthquake and tsunami are being compounded by the continuing crisis at the. India, and. Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. The 2. 00. 4 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 0. UTC on 2. 6 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The shock had a moment magnitude of 9. Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The underseamegathrust earthquake was caused when the Indian Plate was subducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing 2. It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history. The 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in the Republic of Seychelles. Baie Ste. Anne is remarkable in that it experienced minimal tsunami effects compared. Tsunamis: The effects. Introduction of the devastating tsunamis effects. Watch the complete video of the destructive tsunami in Japan 2011. On the Andaman and Nicobar Islands there was considerable damage. The effects of the 2004 Tsunami on mainland India and the Andaman. GCRMN_Tsunami_Report.pdf. Indonesia was the hardest- hit country, followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. It is the third- largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph and had the longest duration of faulting ever observed, between 8. It caused the entire planet to vibrate as much as 1 centimetre (0. Alaska.[1. 0] Its epicentre was between Simeulue and mainland Indonesia.[1. The plight of the affected people and countries prompted a worldwide humanitarian response. EFFECTS OF THE DECEMBER 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI ON THE INDIAN MAINLAND S437 Figure 2. Tentative broad shield sources in the peninsular shield for India source: I. Get pdf. The effects of the 2004 tsunami on mainland India and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands...... Effects of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the. Tsunami effects in mainland India. documents/tsunami/india/reports/dnassessment.pdf. The effects of the 2004 tsunami on mainland India and the Andaman and. the effeCts of the 2004 tsunAmI on mAInlAnd IndIA And the AndAmAn And. GET pdf × Close. . by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was. the waters of the tsunami, the indirect effects have spread. and tsunami (effect on India. Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on India. Regional humanitarian situation due to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami: India. Effects of. In all, the worldwide community donated more than US$1. The event is known by the scientific community as the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake.[1. The resulting tsunami was given various names, including the 2. Indian Ocean tsunami, South Asian tsunami, Indonesian tsunami, the Christmas tsunami and the Boxing Day tsunami. Earthquake characteristics[edit]The earthquake was initially documented as moment magnitude 8. In February 2. 00. Although the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has accepted these new numbers, the United States Geological Survey has so far not changed its estimate of 9. The most recent studies in 2. Mw 9. 1–9. 3. Dr. Hiroo Kanamori of the California Institute of Technology believes that Mw 9. The hypocentre of the main earthquake was approximately 1. Sumatra, in the Indian Ocean just north of Simeulue island at a depth of 3. The northern section of the Sunda megathrust ruptured over a length of 1,3. The earthquake (followed by the tsunami) was felt simultaneously in Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Singapore and the Maldives.[1. Splay faults, or secondary "pop up faults", caused long, narrow parts of the sea floor to pop up in seconds. This quickly elevated the height and increased the speed of waves, causing the complete destruction of the nearby Indonesian town of Lhoknga.[1. The epicenter of the 2. Indian Ocean earthquake and associated aftershocks in French. Indonesia lies between the Pacific Ring of Fire along the north- eastern islands adjacent to New Guinea, and the Alpide belt that runs along the south and west from Sumatra, Java, Bali, Flores to Timor. Great earthquakes such as the Sumatra- Andaman event, which are invariably associated with megathrust events in subduction zones, have seismic moments that can account for a significant fraction of the global earthquake moment across century- scale time periods. Of all the seismic moment released by earthquakes in the 1. Sumatra- Andaman event. This quake, together with the Good Friday earthquake (Alaska, 1. Great Chilean earthquake (1. The much smaller but still catastrophic 1. San Francisco earthquake is included in the diagram below for perspective. Mw denotes the magnitude of an earthquake on the moment magnitude scale. Since 1. 90. 0 the only earthquakes recorded with a greater magnitude were the 1. Great Chilean earthquake (magnitude 9. Good Friday earthquake in Prince William Sound (9. The only other recorded earthquakes of magnitude 9. Kamchatka, Russia, on 4 November 1. TЕЌhoku, Japan (magnitude 9. March 2. 01. 1. Each of these megathrust earthquakes also spawned tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean. However, the death toll from these was significantly lower, primarily because of the lower population density along the coasts near affected areas and the much greater distances to more populated coasts and also due to the superior infrastructure and warning systems in MEDCs (More Economically Developed Countries) such as Japan. Other very large megathrust earthquakes occurred in 1. Peru, Nazca Plate and South American Plate); 1. Colombia, Nazca Plate and South American Plate); 1. Venezuela, Caribbean Plate and South American Plate) and 1. North America, Juan de Fuca Plate and North American Plate). All of them are believed to be greater than magnitude 9, but no accurate measurements were available at the time. Foreshock[edit]The 2. Sumatra earthquake is believed to have been a foreshock, predating the main event by over two years.[2. Tectonic plates[edit]. A pie chart comparing the seismic moment release for the largest earthquakes from 1. The megathrust earthquake was unusually large in geographical and geological extent. An estimated 1,6. Indian Plate slides (or subducts) under the overriding Burma Plate. The slip did not happen instantaneously but took place in two phases over a period of several minutes: Seismographic and acoustic data indicate that the first phase involved a rupture about 4. The rupture proceeded at a speed of about 2. Aceh and proceeding north- westerly over a period of about 1. A pause of about another 1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. However, the northern rupture occurred more slowly than in the south, at about 2. The Indian Plate is part of the great Indo- Australian Plate, which underlies the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, and is drifting north- east at an average of 6 centimetres per year (2. The India Plate meets the Burma Plate (which is considered a portion of the great Eurasian Plate) at the Sunda Trench. At this point the India Plate subducts beneath the Burma Plate, which carries the Nicobar Islands, the Andaman Islands, and northern Sumatra. The India Plate sinks deeper and deeper beneath the Burma Plate until the increasing temperature and pressure drive volatiles out of the subducting plate. These volatiles rise into the overlying plate causing partial melting and the formation of magma. The rising magma intrudes into the crust above and exits the Earth's crust through volcanoes in the form of a volcanic arc. The volcanic activity that results as the Indo- Australian Plate subducts the Eurasian Plate has created the Sunda Arc. As well as the sideways movement between the plates, the sea floor is estimated to have risen by several metres, displacing an estimated 3. The waves did not originate from a point source, as was inaccurately depicted in some illustrations of their paths of travel, but rather radiated outwards along the entire 1,6. This greatly increased the geographical area over which the waves were observed, reaching as far as Mexico, Chile, and the Arctic. The raising of the sea floor significantly reduced the capacity of the Indian Ocean, producing a permanent rise in the global sea level by an estimated 0. Aftershocks and other earthquakes[edit]. Locations of initial earthquake and all aftershocks measuring greater than 4. December 2. 00. 4 to 1. January 2. 00. 5. The site of the original quake is marked by the large star in the lower right square of the grid. Numerous aftershocks were reported off the Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands and the region of the original epicentre in the hours and days that followed. The magnitude 8. 7 2. Sumatra earthquake, which originated off the coast of the Sumatran island of Nias, is not considered an aftershock, despite its proximity to the epicenter, and was most likely triggered by stress changes associated with the 2. This earthquake was so large that it produced its own aftershocks (some registering a magnitude of as great as 6. Other aftershocks of up to magnitude 6. As well as continuing aftershocks, the energy released by the original earthquake continued to make its presence felt well after the event. A week after the earthquake, its reverberations could still be measured, providing valuable scientific data about the Earth's interior. The 2. 00. 4 Indian Ocean earthquake came just three days after a magnitude 8. New Zealand's subantarctic. Auckland Islands, and north of Australia's Macquarie Island. This is unusual, since earthquakes of magnitude 8 or more occur only about once per year on average.[2. However, the U. S. Geological Survey sees no evidence of a causal relationship between these events.[2. The December earthquake is thought to have triggered activity in both Leuser Mountain[2. Mount Talang,[2. 7] volcanoes in Aceh province along the same range of peaks, while the 2. Sumatra earthquake had sparked activity in Lake Toba, an ancient crater in Sumatra. Energy released[edit]. The tsunami strikes Ao Nang, Thailand. The energy released on the Earth's surface only (ME, which is the seismic potential for damage) by the 2. Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was estimated at 1. Г—1. 01. 7joules,[2. TNT. This energy is equivalent to over 1. Hiroshima atomic bomb, but less than that of Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever detonated. However, the total work done MW (and thus energy) by this quake was 4. Г—1. 02. 2joules (4. Г—1. 02. 9ergs),[2. This is over 3. 60,0. ME, equivalent to 9,6. TNT equivalent (5. Hiroshima) or about 3. United States at 2. Г—1. 02. 0 J. The only recorded earthquakes with a larger MW were the 1. Chilean and 1. 96. Alaskan quakes, with 2. Г—1. 02. 3 joules (2. ZJ) and 7. 5. Г—1. ZJ) respectively.[3. The earthquake generated a seismic oscillation of the Earth's surface of up to 2. Sun and Moon. The shock waves of the earthquake were felt across the planet; as far away as the U. S. state of Oklahoma, where vertical movements of 3 mm (0. By February 2. 00. Вµm (0. 0. 2 mm; 0. Earth's surface, which gradually diminished and merged with the incessant free oscillation of the Earth more than 4 months after the earthquake.[3. Because of its enormous energy release and shallow rupture depth, the earthquake generated remarkable seismic ground motions around the globe, particularly due to huge Rayleigh (surface) elastic waves that exceeded 1 cm (0. The effects of the 2. Tsunami on mainland India and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands | Jerald Wilson. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
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